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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1..

F. W. BREAREY.

APPARATUS FOR EFFEGTING AERIAL NAVIGATION.

No. 320,042 Patented June 16, 1885.

N. PETERS, Phnwiflhngraphor. Wahingion, n c.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

I. W. BREAREY.

APPARATUS FOR EFFEGTING AERIAL NAVIGATION.

No. 320,042. Patented June 16, 1885.

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(No Model,) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3. F. W. BREAREY.

APPARATUS FOR EPFBGTING AERIAL NAVIGATION.

No. 320,042. Patented June 16, 1885.

NITED STATES EParnNr @rrrcn.

FREDERICK IV. BREAREY, OF BLAOKHEATH, COUNTY OF KENT, ENGLAND.

APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING AERIAL NAVIGATION.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 320,042, dated June 16, 1885.

Application filed March 16, 1583. .(No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, FREDERICK \VILLIAM BREAREY, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, residing at Blackheath, in the county of Kent, England, have invented new and useful Improvements in Apparatus'for Effecting Aerial Navigation, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements on formerLetters Patent, No. 234,947, dated N ovember 30, 1880, the present improvements having for their object to increase the sustaining-surface and velocity of the apparatus.

In order to enable my present improvements to be better understood, I will describe the same by reference to the annexed drawings, in which Figure l is a plan, and Fig. 2 a side View, of an apparatus for effecting aerial,navigation, constructed according to my invention; and Figs. 3 and 4, front views of the same, showing the wings in the highest and lowest positions.

Similar letters in all the figures represent similar parts.

In carrying out my present improvements, I employ wings or surfaces of suitable fabrics, similar to those described in my said former patent; but I now employ two or more sets, arranged one above another in horizontal or inclined planes, at such distances apart as shall be found to be most effective. These fabrics 0r wings a a a a are attached all along wing-arms b b b I), and are brought tapering to the rear part of the apparatus, (described hereinaften) partaking of a kite-like form, except that, for instance, if the wingarms be thirty feet from tip, to tip the width at the rear extremity might be about seven feet. From the rear extremity of the lower sets of wings a a is continued a tail, 0, of about the same width as the rear extremity of the wings, each set of wings and the said tail being similar to those described in my said for mer patent. The central shaft or backbone, by which the fabric of the lower set of wings is sustained from front to back, is a kind of flat-bottomed boatcarriage, d, upon wheels or otherwise. From the stern of this carriage is extended a vertical spar, c, with a cross head, f f, at top and bottom, to which the rear end of the fabric of each set of wings is re spectively attached. The wing-arms b b I) l/ are worked by a suitable motive power in the fore part of the carriage at so that when thrown into arcs of vibration (which arcs should be capable of adjustment at pleasure) the attached fabrics are forced into undulations from the front to the rear, and also hit erally. Any suitable motive power or mechanical means may be employed for communicating motion to the wings.

The fabric of thelarge wings, besides being attached back and front, as hereinbefore described, is also attached at some points to the carriage, and where it leaves the carriage at the rear is continued along the spar h as far as the tail 0. As the attachment of the fabric to the boat only commences at some distance to the rear of any fulcrum upon which the wingarms work, it follows that there is a clear space for any occupant of the carriage from which to survey.

From the prow of the carriage it may be necessary to fix a bowsprit, and from thence to a point on each wing-arm a cord or elastic substance, so as to prevent the weight of the fabric dragging the wingarms backward. There must also be a cord, t, running down the center to restrain the upper fabric from taking too much of a ballooirshape, and it is to be understood that the superposed fabrics, no matter what their number, must work together, and that the area of the upper one is greater than that of the one next below it, and so on. In the drawings only two sets of wings are shown; but this number may be increased.

As a great assistance to the power employed to work the wing-arms, I pass underneath the carriage and attach to some point underneath each of the lower set of wingarms an elastic cord, j, (01' a suitable spring,) and which is designed to imitate in its action the functions of the pectoral muscle of a bird. The tension of this cord or spring is regulated by the weight to be sustained. This tension is perfect when, the whole apparatus being committed free to the air, the wing-arn1s are retained at a suitable angle against the upward pressure of the air. It follows from this action that not so much power need be expended in raising the wing-arms and fabrics into the position shown in Fig. 3, but that nearly all the power would be used in depressing the wing-arms into the position shown in Fig. 4, and following undulations of the fabrics against the resistance of the air, owing to the weight of the apparatus; but this power is aided by the contraction of the elastic cord j or the spring. In starting, the apparatus may be run upon a road or launched down an incline.

One pectoral cord j (or spring) will serve for all the sets of superposed wings or fabrics, provided each be so attached to the other by cords 70 that the downward pull will pull all the wings together.

I have shown and described the lower set of wings only as being provided with atail; but, if desirable, the upper set or sets of wings may also be provided with tails.

\Vhat I claim is-- 1. An apparatus for aerial navigation, having two or more sets of wings or fabrics attaohed to separate wing'arms in superposed positions, the upper wings having a greater area than the lower ones, all substantially as shown and described.

2. In an apparatus for aerial navigation,

the combination of the two or more sets of F. W. BREAREY,

Witnesses G. F. REDFERN, F. PRICE. 

